- In this article. VPN client configuration files are contained in a zip file. Configuration files provide the settings required for a native Windows, Mac IKEv2 VPN, or Linux clients to connect to a virtual network over Point-to-Site connections that use native Azure certificate authentication.
- Some instructions, such as those specific to Safari, will remain in effect until disabled, i.e., the SSH tunnel will remain in effect until you undo the settings for the SSH tunnel. Launch an SSH tunnel. To begin, you must initiate an SSH tunnel. Open the MacOS Terminal and connect to your remote server via SSH with the following flags.
- Heyoka is an exfiltration tool that uses spoofed DNS requests to create a bidirectional tunnel. The tool is not under active development anymore and according to its authors, is up to 60% faster than other tools by using binary encoding and NULL records.
VPN client configuration files are contained in a zip file. Configuration files provide the settings required for a native Windows, Mac IKEv2 VPN, or Linux clients to connect to a virtual network over Point-to-Site connections that use native Azure certificate authentication.
Client configuration files are specific to the VPN configuration for the virtual network. If there are any changes to the Point-to-Site VPN configuration after you generate the VPN client configuration files, such as the VPN protocol type or authentication type, be sure to generate new VPN client configuration files for your user devices.
The file size of the latest installation package available is 41.5 MB. Our built-in antivirus checked this Mac download and rated it as 100% safe. The actual developer of this software for Mac is OpenVPN. The software lies within Security Tools, more precisely Personal Security. To initiate your SSH tunnel, simply open Mac OSX Terminal.app and connect to your remote server via SSH with the following flags: ssh -D 8080 -C -N [email protected] This will launch our SSH tunnel on port 8080 and route all traffic (securely) through the server at example.com.
- For more information about Point-to-Site connections, see About Point-to-Site VPN.
- For OpenVPN instructions, see Configure OpenVPN for P2S and Configure OpenVPN clients.
Important
Starting July 1, 2018, support is being removed for TLS 1.0 and 1.1 from Azure VPN Gateway. VPN Gateway will support only TLS 1.2. Only point-to-site connections are impacted; site-to-site connections will not be affected. If you’re using TLS for point-to-site VPNs on Windows 10 clients, you don’t need to take any action. If you are using TLS for point-to-site connections on Windows 7 and Windows 8 clients, see the VPN Gateway FAQ for update instructions.
Generate VPN client configuration files
Before you begin, make sure that all connecting users have a valid certificate installed on the user's device. For more information about installing a client certificate, see Install a client certificate.
You can generate client configuration files using PowerShell, or by using the Azure portal. Either method returns the same zip file. Unzip the file to view the following folders:
![Evasion Tunnel Mac OS Evasion Tunnel Mac OS](https://turbo.paulstamatiou.com/uploads/2008/05/leopard_ssh_tunnel_pstam.jpg)
- WindowsAmd64 and WindowsX86, which contain the Windows 32-bit and 64-bit installer packages, respectively. The WindowsAmd64 installer package is for all supported 64-bit Windows clients, not just Amd.
- Generic, which contains general information used to create your own VPN client configuration. The Generic folder is provided if IKEv2 or SSTP+IKEv2 was configured on the gateway. If only SSTP is configured, then the Generic folder is not present.
Generate files using the Azure portal
- In the Azure portal, navigate to the virtual network gateway for the virtual network that you want to connect to.
- On the virtual network gateway page, select Point-to-site configuration.
- At the top of the Point-to-site configuration page, select Download VPN client. It takes a few minutes for the client configuration package to generate.
- Your browser indicates that a client configuration zip file is available. It is named the same name as your gateway. Unzip the file to view the folders.
Generate files using PowerShell
- When generating VPN client configuration files, the value for '-AuthenticationMethod' is 'EapTls'. Generate the VPN client configuration files using the following command:
- Copy the URL to your browser to download the zip file, then unzip the file to view the folders.
Windows
You can use the same VPN client configuration package on each Windows client computer, as long as the version matches the architecture for the client. For the list of client operating systems that are supported, see the Point-to-Site section of the VPN Gateway FAQ.
Note
You must have Administrator rights on the Windows client computer from which you want to connect.
Use the following steps to configure the native Windows VPN client for certificate authentication:
- Select the VPN client configuration files that correspond to the architecture of the Windows computer. For a 64-bit processor architecture, choose the 'VpnClientSetupAmd64' installer package. For a 32-bit processor architecture, choose the 'VpnClientSetupX86' installer package.
- Double-click the package to install it. If you see a SmartScreen popup, click More info, then Run anyway.
- On the client computer, navigate to Network Settings and click VPN. The VPN connection shows the name of the virtual network that it connects to.
- Before you attempt to connect, verify that you have installed a client certificate on the client computer. A client certificate is required for authentication when using the native Azure certificate authentication type.
Mac (OS X)
You have to manually configure the native IKEv2 VPN client on every Mac that will connect to Azure. Azure does not provide mobileconfig file for native Azure certificate authentication. The Generic contains all of the information that you need for configuration. If you don't see the Generic folder in your download, it's likely that IKEv2 was not selected as a tunnel type. Note that the VPN gateway Basic SKU does not support IKEv2. Once IKEv2 is selected, generate the zip file again to retrieve the Generic folder.
The Generic folder contains the following files:
The Generic folder contains the following files:
- VpnSettings.xml, which contains important settings like server address and tunnel type.
- VpnServerRoot.cer, which contains the root certificate required to validate the Azure VPN Gateway during P2S connection setup.
Use the following steps to configure the native VPN client on Mac for certificate authentication. You have to complete these steps on every Mac that will connect to Azure:
- Import the VpnServerRoot root certificate to your Mac. This can be done by copying the file over to your Mac and double-clicking on it. Select Add to import.NoteDouble-clicking on the certificate may not display the Add dialog, but the certificate is installed in the correct store. You can check for the certificate in the login keychain under the certificates category.
- Verify that you have installed a client certificate that was issued by the root certificate that you uploaded to Azure when you configured you P2S settings. This is different from the VPNServerRoot that you installed in the previous step. The client certificate is used for authentication and is required. For more information about generating certificates, see Generate Certificates. For information about how to install a client certificate, see Install a client certificate.
- Open the Network dialog under Network Preferences and select '+' to create a new VPN client connection profile for a P2S connection to the Azure virtual network.The Interface value is 'VPN' and VPN Type value is 'IKEv2'. Specify a name for the profile in the Service Name field, then select Create to create the VPN client connection profile.
- In the Generic folder, from the VpnSettings.xml file, copy the VpnServer tag value. Paste this value in the Server Address and Remote ID fields of the profile.
- Select Authentication Settings and select Certificate. For Catalina, select None, and then certificate.For Catalina, select None and then Certificate. Select the correct certificate:
- Click Select… to choose the client certificate that you want to use for authentication. This is the certificate that you installed in Step 2.
- Choose An Identity displays a list of certificates for you to choose from. Select the proper certificate, then select Continue.
- In the Local ID field, specify the name of the certificate (from Step 6). In this example, it is
ikev2Client.com
. Then, select Apply to save the changes. - On the Network dialog, select Apply to save all changes. Then, select Connect to start the P2S connection to the Azure virtual network.
Linux (strongSwan GUI)
Install strongSwan
The following configuration was used for the steps below:
- Computer: Ubuntu Server 18.04
- Dependencies: strongSwan
Use the following commands to install the required strongSwan configuration:
Use the following command to install the Azure command-line interface:
Generate certificates
If you have not already generated certificates, use the following steps:
Generate the CA certificate.
Print the CA certificate in base64 format. This is the format that is supported by Azure. You upload this certificate to Azure as part of the P2S configuration steps.
Generate the user certificate.
Generate a p12 bundle containing the user certificate. This bundle will be used in the next steps when working with the client configuration files.
Install and configure
The following instructions were created on Ubuntu 18.0.4. Ubuntu 16.0.10 does not support strongSwan GUI. If you want to use Ubuntu 16.0.10, you will have to use the command line. The examples below may not match screens that you see, depending on your version of Linux and strongSwan.
- Open the Terminal to install strongSwan and its Network Manager by running the command in the example.
- Select Settings, then select Network. Select the + button to create a new connection.
- Select IPsec/IKEv2 (strongSwan) from the menu, and double-click.
- On the Add VPN page, add a name for your VPN connection.
- Open the VpnSettings.xml file from the Generic folder contained in the downloaded client configuration files. Find the tag called VpnServer and copy the name, beginning with 'azuregateway' and ending with '.cloudapp.net'.
- Paste the name in the Address field of your new VPN connection in the Gateway section. Next, select the folder icon at the end of the Certificate field, browse to the Generic folder, and select the VpnServerRoot file.
- In the Client section of the connection, for Authentication, select Certificate/private key. For Certificate and Private key, choose the certificate and the private key that were created earlier. In Options, select Request an inner IP address. Then, select Add.
- Turn the connection On.
Linux (strongSwan CLI)
Install strongSwan
The following configuration was used for the steps below:
- Computer: Ubuntu Server 18.04
- Dependencies: strongSwan
Use the following commands to install the required strongSwan configuration:
Use the following command to install the Azure command-line interface:
Generate certificates
If you have not already generated certificates, use the following steps:
Generate the CA certificate.
Print the CA certificate in base64 format. This is the format that is supported by Azure. You upload this certificate to Azure as part of the P2S configuration steps.
Generate the user certificate.
Generate a p12 bundle containing the user certificate. This bundle will be used in the next steps when working with the client configuration files.
Install and configure
- Download the VPNClient package from Azure portal.
- Extract the file.
- From the Generic folder, copy or move the VpnServerRoot.cer to /etc/ipsec.d/cacerts.
- Copy or move cp client.p12 to /etc/ipsec.d/private/. This file is the client certificate for the VPN gateway.
- Open the VpnSettings.xml file and copy the
<VpnServer>
value. You will use this value in the next step. - Adjust the values in the example below, then add the example to the /etc/ipsec.conf configuration.
- Add the following values to /etc/ipsec.secrets.
- Run the following commands:
Next steps
Return to the original article that you were working from, then complete your P2S configuration.
- PowerShell configuration steps.
- Azure portal configuration steps.
From OS X Scientific Computing
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Telnet and FTP?
Never, ever, use telnet. Ever. Or ftp. These programs send you password through the aether as clear text, opening you to exploits by all kinds of nefarious evildoers. Instead, learn to use ssh, scp, and sftp.
Fugu: A nice, free, GUI for sftp
I'm generally a command-line person, but this free little application provides a nice intuitive and visually pleasing GUI interface that also permits integrated editing of remote files and so forth. Here's a screen shot grabbed from their website:
SSH: the basics
How to log in remotely to another machine using ssh
If you want to log in remotely to your account on another machine, simply issue the command
If you want to display X-windows programs on your machine that are run remotely, then include the -X or -Y flags:
Try -X first, as it is more secure. If there are problems, try the -Y option instead.
How to avoid interrupted connections
My DSL service provider seems to delight in causing my ssh connections to hang up. This irks me. I finally discovered a very simple solution. Create a file called ~/.ssh/config and put into it the following three lines:
Problem solved (at least for me).
Evasion Tunnel Mac Os Download
How to set up passwordless logins
Generate a public key on the computer you want to log in from:
....
Copy the public key to the computer you want to log in to.
Log into the remote computer
and append that public key to the appropriate file in your remote account's .ssh directory:
If the .ssh directory does not exist, you must first issue the command
and if the file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys does not yet exist, replace the above cat command with
(but do this only if ~/.ssh/authorized_keys does not yet exist, or it will clobber the file rather than append to the bottom of it.
With the 10.9 update, I found that I had to copy authorized_keys2 to authorized_keys
Test it.
It should now be set up for passwordless secure login.
![Mac Mac](https://img.wonderhowto.com/img/59/51/63733785243588/0/hacking-windows-10-evade-detection-netstat-tasklist.1280x600.jpg)
Connecting securely with ssh tunnels
The idea of how to establish and use ssh tunnels, and why you might want to do this, is best illustrated with some examples. I have chosen two examples that you might very well want to put to use: Using a web proxy to access restricted websites (like scientific literature your library has a subscription to), and connecting to a mail server from anywhere, even if your local service provider tries to prevent this (DSL home service providers, hotel internet, etc).
Example One: Tunneling to a proxy server for web browsing
- Problem: I want to read restricted-access journals from home, but I only have access from work.
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- Solution: Configure Firefox or SeaMonkey to use your work computer as a proxy.
For example, I can access most scientific journals on-line from machines that have recognized IP addresses (i.e., are affiliated with our university, whose library has paid for on-line access). If I am at home or on the road, I cannot do this easily unless I use a proxy server. Fortunately, this is fairly easy to do.
Establish the SSH tunnel connection
The syntax for establishing tunnel connections is as follows:
Choose a port, 8080, or any un-used non-root port. The -N flag says to establish the connection but not to make it a login shell, and the -D flag says to use dynamic port forwarding with ssh acting as a SOCKS server.
Configure FireFox or SeaMonkey Preferences to use a proxy
On Mac OS X, I use Safari as my primary web browser, but I keep several on hand. Because of this, I can dedicate FireFox as my proxy web browser. If FireFox is your primary web browser, other browsers in the Mozilla family, such as SeaMonkey, have this capability as well.
- In Firefox.app, go to Preferences > General and hit the 'Connection Settings' button on the lower right side of the panel. A second panel will be revealed. Enter what is shown here:
Then click the 'OK' button.
Thanks very much to James Davis and Adam Smith of UCSC SOE for the tip.
- With SeaMonkey, go to Preferences > Advanced > Proxies > Manual Proxy Configuration > Advanced and you will get essentially the same configuration pane as pictured above. (SeaMonkey also has a nice free WYSIWYG HTML editor, called Composer.)
.
Serment - contract with a devil beta demo mac os.
Example Two: Tunneling to a remote mail server
- Problem: I want access to my email securely from any connection point in the world.
- Solution: Configure smtp and pop or imap SSH tunnels.
Apple's Mail program logs onto a mail server computer every time it checks your mail, and every time it sends your mail. Depending on your mail server, it might send your password over the internet in clear text, as our POP3 server does. This is something worth avoiding, especially if you are on the road or using a commercial internet service provider. To get around this problem, you can create a 'tunnel' using ssh. Essentially, you can trick the mail program into using a pre-established ssh connection instead of using the insecure connection, thereby avoiding having to send your password in clear text. In fact, if you have enabled passwordless login, you can avoid dealing with passwords altogether. As side benefits, the connection seems to be established faster, and you can send mail from anywhere that allows you to make an ssh connection to the mail-server computer. (Many locations and DSL providers forbid you to make an smtp connection to your own mail server to avoid spamming issues and to try to force you to use theirs.)
Establish the SSH tunnel connection
The syntax for establishing tunnel connections is as follows:
Evasion Tunnel Mac Os Catalina
That is pretty much all there is to establishing the required tunnels for POP3 mail, but a bit of explanation is in order. If you would normally log into the computer that is your email host with a command of the form
then just subtitute what you would actually type for this to the right of the -N option flag in the above two tunnel commands. (These are the same names you put in the email program for POP3 mail server and smtp server, respectively.) The ports (110 and 25) are the (insecure) ports used for POP3 and smtp mail. (If you are using the ssl secure ports, there is no need to be doing this). Again, these are the same as you used for configuring mail. The -N flag says to establish the connection but not to make it a login shell. Don't change ``localhost.' The other two ports (1110 and 2525) are arbitrary choices. You can pick any (unused) port (although the ones below 1024 are reserved for root). The -L flag tells ssh to do port forwarding (i.e., to establish the tunnel, treating the local port 1110 as if it were the remote port 110). The (optional) -C flag is for compression. This is handy on a lower-speed connection, but might actually slow stuff down on a high-speed connection.
How to get the Mail.app program to use the tunnels
To get Mail.app to use your ssh tunnels, you have to reconfigure its settings. Sean! mac os.
- First, establish the above tunnels.
- Then open Mail.app and under Preferences, go to Accounts and open the Account Information tab. Where it says Incoming Mail Server, you should enter 127.0.0.1 and where it says Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP), you should change the Server Settings by clicking the button, and add in 127.0.0.1 and port 2125 (or whatever port number corresponds to what you chose for the second tunnel command) and make these the default settings. This is illustrated in the following two screen shots below:
- Then go to Advanced tab, click on it to reveal the new pane, and enter the port 1110 (or whatever you picked for the first tunnel). You should now be set to collect and send your mail via ssh tunnels. If the tunnels become interrupted, you will have to re-establish them.
SSH Tunnel Manager
I find that it is easy to start and maintain the tunnels using a simple free gui application called SSH Tunnel Manager. This saves you typing and remembering the above commands. Should you require permanent, always-on tunnels, it might be better to run a launchd item to do this.
Retrieved from 'http://scottlab.ucsc.edu/xtal/wiki/index.php/SSH_and_Tunneling'